Reference: Published by Diageo Bar Academy

Learn how to make your bar more eco-friendly by utilizing sustainable foods, purchasing locally, lowering energy consumption, and more.

IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY

When it comes to sustainability, the bar and restaurant industry is one of the most wasteful in the world. Many pubs have high levels of food waste, and many venues have a high carbon footprint.

Sean Finter, the founder of Barmetrix, discovered that his establishment wasted 14% of its food, which is likely industry-wide. Spurred on by this worrisome trend, Sean has emerged as a major figure in sustainable bartending.

Sustainability can help boost your bar’s reputation. Customers are more environmentally sensitive than ever, and many prefer to drink and dine at sustainable establishments over others. This allows bar owners that take a more sustainable approach the potential to gain a competitive advantage.

SUSTAINABLE BARTENDING TRENDS

Sustainability is a popular concept in the industry, with many bartenders adjusting their practices to meet the demands of environmentally concerned consumers. Among the main changes we’re seeing in the industry are:

• Punches in bottles and large-format drinks
• Cocktails that employ the full plant from root to tip to reduce waste
• Mixologists are employing sugar substitutes to reduce their dependency on fruits.
• There is a greater emphasis on seasonal cuisine, so chefs and staff waste less food.
• Water conservation (the reduction of water waste) is becoming increasingly important.
• Reducing single-use plastic by replacing plastic straws with paper straws and eliminating flimsy plastic cups.

REDUCING FOOD WASTE

Food waste is a big issue to focus on when reducing your bar’s carbon footprint. To do this, Former World Class Winner Nick Tesar explains simple menu tweaks that will have a huge impact.

Consider presenting seasonal menus, which ensure that all of your ingredients are fresh and easy to farm and create locally.

• Concentrate on each component to extract the most flavor.
• You may reduce waste by using fewer ingredients.
• Make use of components that have several functions. To decrease waste, try making syrups that can be used in many drinks.
• Batching and freezing can help to extend the shelf life of a component.
• Remove the garnish; it is generally the most wasted food in a bar. To avoid waste, use an aromatic tincture to provide delicate flavour.
• Plan your stock so that you only need to order delivery once a week, reducing the distance your ingredients travel.

MAKING SUSTAINABLE DRINKS

Focusing on sustainability when creating your drinks is an excellent approach to make your venue more environmentally friendly. Consider what ingredients you already have in abundance at your venue to guarantee you use them.

Sam Orrock, Eve’s renowned mixologist and Bar Manager, is always in communication with the venue’s kitchen to see what his bartenders may use.

Another option is to use locally obtained ingredients to make your cocktails. This makes your drinks more sustainable and fascinating by highlighting the surrounding region. Sam, for example, frequently gathered fig leaves from a nearby tree for infusion and syrup preparation.

When creating your own sustainable cocktail, try to restrict the use of imported ingredients. Many bars include citrus in their cocktail menus, which has a significant environmental impact in places where it is not native. You can make a significant difference by lowering the amount of cocktails you serve with these ingredients and substituting verjus, vinegar, and acids with a healthier alternative.

NON-FOOD WASTE REDUCTION

Food waste isn’t the only problem that pubs and restaurants cause. The sector also consumes a significant amount of packaging, energy, and other resources. After you’ve taken the effort to make your menu and drinks more sustainable, use Tiny Leaf co-founder Alice Gilsenan’s tips to help you build a waste-free venue like she did.

• Remove straws – When discarded, plastic straws take over 200 years to degrade. By eliminating straws from your cocktails, you can significantly reduce the cost of your bar.
• Remove bottles – Use reusable glasses rather of single-use plastic bottles, particularly for water. You can purchase a special water tap that filters local water and serves it still, sparkling, or ionized.
• Educate your crew – Informing your employees on the importance of sustainability for your venue enables them to make better decisions. They’ll be more environmentally conscious, which will benefit your venue.

Making improvements to your energy usage is another worthwhile endeavor. Many bars can become more sustainable by making simple improvements that increase sustainability while decreasing costs.

Consider installing motion sensors to lights so they only turn on when people are nearby, and replace your lightbulbs with low-energy LEDs.

Water waste can be reduced by installing timers on taps, and automated refrigerator doors can help you save energy. All of these minor changes accumulate and have a significant impact on your sustainability.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• Sustainable practices can help your company stand out and attract clients.
• Food waste is a major problem, but you may improve sustainability by carefully planning your menu and using fewer, more seasonal items.
• Using ingredients you currently have on hand for your cocktails will help you become a more waste-efficient venue.
• Minor adjustments, such as removing straws and single-use plastic products, can have a significant and positive impact on your organization.

In a move aimed at enhancing responsible alcohol management and ensuring compliance, the Liquor Authority in Mpumalanga has introduced a new requirement for certification of managers within liquor establishments.

Under Section 45 of the Mpumalanga Liquor Licensing Act, the Liquor Authority is now mandating a certification process for appointed managers in such establishments. This landmark provision aims to uphold strict standards and accountability in the management of licensed premises.

The certification process is designed to guarantee that managers possess the necessary qualifications and understanding of the regulations governing alcohol sales and consumption. It encompasses a range of responsibilities, including overseeing operations, ensuring compliance with licensing regulations, and promoting responsible alcohol service.

This development emphasizes the commitment of the Liquor Authority to fostering a culture of responsible alcohol consumption across the region. By introducing this certification, the Authority aims to mitigate the potential risks associated with liquor sales and promote safe and responsible practices within licensed establishments.

Applicants for the manager’s certification will need to meet specific criteria outlined by the Act, ensuring they are well-versed in the legal framework and equipped to handle the responsibilities associated with managing a liquor establishment. The certification process is expected to involve comprehensive training, assessments, and adherence to regulatory standards set by the Authority.

According to officials, this initiative aligns with the overarching goal of safeguarding public welfare and promoting responsible alcohol management. Additionally, it signifies a significant step forward in the ongoing efforts to uphold regulatory compliance and enhance professionalism within the liquor industry.

Stakeholders within the liquor trade are urged to familiarize themselves with the new certification requirements outlined in Section 45 of the Mpumalanga Liquor Licensing Act. The Liquor Authority has assured full support and guidance for those navigating this new certification process.

This pivotal measure not only ensures that managers possess the necessary knowledge and expertise but also reinforces the commitment towards a safer and more responsibly-managed liquor environment within the region.

In conclusion, the introduction of the manager’s certification by the Liquor Authority stands as a testament to the continuous efforts to ensure responsible alcohol management and uphold the highest standards of compliance within Mpumalanga’s liquor industry.

Reference: Published by Luke Fraser (BusinessTech), 25 October 2023

The government will review the Liquor Amendment Bill, according to Social Development Minister Lindiwe Zulu.

Zulu stated during the Bi-Annual Global Alcohol Policy Conference (GAPC) that there was a strong push to enact the Liquor Amendment Bill.

“I hear you, and the message is ‘Pass the Liquor Amendment Bill now.'” [We] take note of what has been given to us here by the Department of Social Development and all other government officials. “This is a positive message, and it tells us that when you stand up to speak to us, we must listen,” Zulu added.

The Department of Trade and Industry first proposed the Bill in 2016, with numerous significant revisions, including:

• Raising the drinking age to 21 years old;
• The implementation of a 100-metre radius commerce restriction around educational and religious establishments;
• Alcohol sales and advertising on social and small media are prohibited.
• The addition of a new liability clause for alcoholic beverage retailers.

Despite multiple reconsiderations, the Bill has not moved forward to formal introduction.

Due to the detrimental consequences of alcohol during the nation’s Covid-19 shutdown, President Cyril Ramaphosa’s Cabinet examined the Draft Liquor Amendment Bill in February 2021, but this appeared to have gone to naught.

Other plan

According to Zulu, drinking has an especially negative impact on the population.

“While we are concerned about the harm that all drugs have on individuals, families and or society as a whole, there is a significant body of evidence from research institutions such as the South African Medical Research Council and Soul City that suggest that alcohol is one of the most abused substances that causes the most harm to the most people in our country,” Zulu said in a statement.

She went on to say that alcohol causes crime, higher mortality rates, automobile accidents, and more gender-based violence.

“In light of these mounting challenges, our people have demanded that the government take the necessary steps to combat the harmful use of alcohol.” “I must admit that this has not been the easiest task,” she remarked.

“Any measures to prevent and reduce alcohol harm has been met with a monumental and well-resourced pushback that seems to put commercial interests before people from the alcohol industry.”

“We saw this when, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government implemented measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus, including measures to reduce the impact of alcohol on health-care resources.” Liquor retailers in Limpopo Province have resisted the government’s proposals to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages after midnight.”

Despite these obstacles, the minister stated that Cabinet has authorized the Draft Policy on the Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders for public engagement.

The policy examines where the most drug-related harms occur and the best approaches to alleviate them.

She also stated that Cabinet suggested the formation of a special committee of Ministers to ensure cross-government coordination in harm prevention and reduction efforts.

Although the policy has not yet been gazetted, SA Legal Academy believes Zulu is referring to work by the Department of Trade and Industry on developing ‘alcohol consumption legislation’ and amending the Liquor Act, 2003, which was mentioned in May of this year.

Reference: Published by Staff Writer (BusinessTech), 8 September 2023

South Africans enjoy alcoholic beverages, with half of the population drinking alcohol at some time in any given month, but health experts say this is a major worry that necessitates considerable adjustments in the pricing, advertising, and availability of these beverages.

According to the most recent Eighty20 research on consumption and spending in South Africa, the country ranks fifth in the world in terms of per capita consumption of alcohol.

According to the survey, men use more alcohol than women, with 62% drinking some type of alcohol weekly or monthly, compared to 36% of women.

The South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) has stated that this must change. According to Professor Charles Parry of the SAMRC, alcohol misuse is the sixth leading cause of mortality and disability in the country.

He went on to say that the measured consumption per capita in South Africa is five drinks per drinker per day, and that many people don’t drink this much, implying that others are drinking even more.

According to study, if every person in the country drank at a moderate or intermediate level, they would only drink around 32% of the amount of alcohol that we currently consume.

Apart from societal and economic factors, Parry believes that South Africa has a drinking problem because alcohol is too cheap, advertising is aggressive, and it is too widely available (typically supplied at unregulated outlets 24 hours a day).

Parry stated that industry stakeholders believe that education is the best approach to handle these concerns, but he believes that they should just stop producing so much alcohol.

For example, he claims that South African brewers have adequate production capacity to offer four 330ml cans of beer to every beer drinker in the country every day.

“This is a substantial amount, and it’s unnecessary,” Parry added. He went on to say that the same is true for the wine sector, where there is a surplus of supply, including big amounts sold for very low prices.

Parry also stated that the size of the bottles in which beverages are marketed and how alcoholic beverages are advertised ought to be changed.

“Research has found that when people drink out of larger containers, they tend to drink more over the course of an occasion,” he explained.

Furthermore, he stated that tougher marketing laws are required, noting that alcohol should never be sold in a romanised manner, such as signifying success. “We can’t leave it up to the industry to fix it,” he said.

As a result, Parry believes the industry should refrain from opposing the health authority’s and government’s efforts to limit the harm caused by drinking, which should include:

• Price rises; 
• tighter advertising controls; and 
• alcohol availability restrictions.

“A good example is the Covid-19 pandemic, where alcohol control resulted in significant savings in lives and trauma, as well as taxpayer money in hospitals.”

“The only thing that comes from industry pushback is onerous court battles that cost all of us taxpayer monies,” Perry added.

“We frequently see the alcohol industry interfering with policy processes, and this must stop.” “The economic costs of alcohol abuse are likely to far outweigh the economic benefit to the country from the excessive sale of these beverages,” he continued.

According to Perry, the economic costs of alcoholism include lost productivity, death, government medical bills associated with drinking-related injuries, increases in gender-based violence, deterioration of school performance in young drinkers, and its association with mental health issues.

As a result, the SAMRC has urged the government to take extreme measures, including the implementation of new legislation.

Reference: Published by Mahlatse Phaladi (SABCNews), 25 July 2023

Limpopo’s Economic Development Department has stated that the new liquor trading restrictions will be implemented.

MEC Rodgers Monama has stated that the new act would be implemented as scheduled on August 1st.

The act will decrease liquor trading hours from 02:00am to 12 midnight. The liquor stores will also be open on Sundays. Despite the opposition of the liquor sellers’ association.

The group claims that it is still recuperating from COVID-19 losses and that job losses are possible.

Monama, on the other hand, claims that extensive talks have taken place over the last few years.

“In terms of the act, there is no way for us to reverse the process because it is legislated. The legislature has held public hearings, and our officials have conducted consultations throughout the province.” They were discussing regulations, and all of these provinces have altered our regulations,” Monama remarked.

Reference: Published by Scorpion Legal Protection, 30 March 2023

You require a liquor licence, also known as an alcohol licence, liquor permit, or liquor licence certificate, in order to sell alcohol in South Africa, whether it is on a one-time basis or as a business. Scorpion describes the six license categories you can apply for.

Common liquor licenses

These are long-term permits to sell alcoholic beverages in South Africa.

1. Micro-manufacture, both for consumption on- and off-site: a permit to sell and micro-manufacture alcohol for consumption on and off the location of the sale. Examples include a vineyard, winery, brewery, and distillery.
2. Onsite consumption: a permit authorizing the sale of alcohol for consumption on the specific location of the sale. Restaurants, coffee shops, inns, hotels, shebeens, and bars are a few examples.
3. Offsite consumption: a permit that enables you to sell alcohol both on-site and online. However, the alcohol must be removed and consumed elsewhere. Online sales are two examples.
4. On- and offsite consumption (only under exceptional circumstances): A licence allowing customers to consume alcoholic drinks with a meal, but also purchase closed bottles of liquor for consumption off the premises. Example: Deli, restaurant.

Temporary alcohol permits

There are two types of temporary liquor licenses in addition to permanent ones.

1. Standard temporary license: This permit is required when you want to sell your alcoholic beverages from a separate, temporary location while still having a valid permanent liquor license. You could want to sell your beer at a festival, for instance. A temporary liquor license may be issued for up to 14 days in a row, but it may not be extended for more than 30 days in a year.
2. Event licence: If you want to sell alcohol at an event you’re sponsoring, such as a festival or fundraiser, you need this license. You will require a liquor license as the event’s host (the individual sellers at your event will need their own, separate licence). This indicates that you don’t typically sell alcohol, that is, you’re not in the business, and your event is one-time only. Everyone who is at least 18 years old and is not barred from applying for an event liquor license.

Reference: Published by Bongekile Khumalo, 23 March 2023

Mpumalanga traders urged to renew licences early

Mpumalanga Economic Regulator representatives recently stated at a workshop that licensing laws had been modified to make it easier for traders to operate their enterprises.

Tradespeople have been encouraged by the Mpumalanga Economic Regulator (MER) to abide by the rules outlined in their licenses.

On Friday, March 17, the MER held a stakeholder workshop in the Oewersig Community Hall in Mbombela. Local traders, officials from the City of Mbombela and the Ehlanzeni District Municipality, as well as police and SARS personnel, all attended the session.

According to Judith Khoza, a spokesperson for the MER, the workshop’s goal was to describe the majority of the license requirements that have been enhanced over time to speed up compliance.

“The gaming and alcohol businesses have expanded significantly, and we need to continuously learn more to comprehend their licensing dynamics. The licensing rules are placed in place to help businesses succeed, not inhibit it, according to Khoza.

George Madonsela, the investigations manager for the MER, advised traders to obtain their licenses in the proper manner during his presentation. “First of all, they should be paid for, but a receipt does not vouch for your license. Several dealers repeatedly get their licenses revoked by the SAPS because they don’t adhere to the terms of their licenses, he claimed.

Tradespeople shouldn’t wait until their licenses are about to expire before requesting a renewal. If nothing else is specified, a trading license is good for 12 months. Even traders phone me to complain that we provide their renewals too slowly. Sending in your applications at least three months before the expiration date is a simple way to avoid this.

Elijah Mamba, the inspectorate manager for the MER, advised traders to maintain current records of their operations and to retain copies on the premises. The laws pertaining to offenses and punishments should be familiar to traders.

Reference: Published by Shaun Jacobs on Daily Investor , 24 March 2023

Despite diminishing production elsewhere in Africa and a challenging economic climate, South African Breweries (SAB) is investing to further expand its capacity in South Africa, where beer volumes are at an all-time high.

This Monday, AB InBev, the parent company of SAB, announced its financial results for 2022. The multinational brewer reported revenue of $57.8 billion.

In 2022, $8.1 billion of total income came from Africa, which saw tremendous growth under the leadership of South Africa.

The largest beer firm was created in 2016 when AB InBev acquired SABMiller for $107 billion, joining the two biggest brewers in the world. They collectively own about half of the profit for the entire sector.

Even if supply chain issues hindered AB InBev’s Nigerian business, its African operations generated over 90 million hectolitres of beer in 2022.

In 2022, SAB’s volume growth was in the “high single digits,” and its South African business saw “all-time high total volumes.”

In South Africa, beer’s market share of alcoholic beverages increased in 2019 and surpassed pre-pandemic levels.

SAB is the owner of several of the most valuable brands in the nation, including Carling Black Label, which is the most valuable brand overall.

Moreover, it is the owner of the Brutal Fruit, Budweiser, Corona, Flying Fish, Hansa Pilsener, Lion Lager, Smirnoff, and Stella Artois brands in South Africa.

In South Africa, SAB is also in charge of Red Bull’s sales and distribution.

Investing in the future, Currently, SAB runs a number of breweries, malt facilities, and agricultural businesses in South Africa.

Almost 24,000 employment were supported by the company’s R920 million investment in its Prospecton and Ibhayi breweries in 2022, which supported the brewing of beer.

This is a portion of SAB’s R4.5 billion total investment in the South African economy, which aims to generate 10,000 new employment there.

SAB now has 5,657 direct employees in South Africa. Around 140,000 employment are projected to be supported by the entire value chain, which includes 1,277 South African farmers and 3,739 suppliers.

SAB beers are 97% locally sourced from farm to bottle.

Difficult working conditions, AB InBev described the many risks it confronts in the nations it works in, including South Africa, in its annual report.

60% of the company’s revenue comes from developing economies, which exposes it to issues with such markets include political unrest, financial risk, governmental meddling, and “a lack of care of public infrastructure.”

Operations are disrupted as a result of these issues, and operating costs increase.

SAB’s emphasis on locally focused supply chains and investment in renewable energy has allowed it to largely avoid problems specific to South Africa, such as load shedding and inefficient rail and port systems.

By 2025, the company’s South African operations hope to be entirely off the grid, partly to lessen the effects of load-shedding and to satisfy its ESG goals.

All of SAB’s breweries in South Africa are currently powered by renewable sources and have backup systems to lessen load-shedding.

Moreover, AB InBev mentioned how increasing South African excise taxes “adversely affect our revenue and profitability.”

Reference: Published by Staff Writer, 22 February 2023

Get ready to pay more for cigarettes and alcohol in South Africa

Taxes on alcohol and cigarettes will increase in 2023, according to finance minister Enoch Godongwana, although those who enjoy sweet drinks will get a relief.

The minister stated that, at least in terms of the revenue side of the budget, no significant tax developments were being revealed for 2023.

This was brought on by the fact that revenue collection for 2022–2024 was anticipated to total R1.69 trillion, exceeding the projected R20.3 billion budget for that year.

During the year, fuel charges can remain unchanged and tax bands can be adjusted in line with inflation, but this does not always indicate that so-called “sin taxes” will benefit in the same way.

In accordance with anticipated inflation, the government is recommending a 4.9% increase in the excise taxes on alcohol and cigarettes.

Thus, it is necessary to:

• an increase of 10 cents for a 340 milliliter beer can;
• a 750 ml bottle of wine costs 18 cents more;
• A 750 ml bottle of liquor will cost R3.90 more;
• R5.47 for a 23 gram cigar;
• And the tariff increases by 98 cents for a pack of 20 cigarettes.

The cigarette and alcohol sectors have been pleading with the government and National Treasury for a break given the situation over the previous three years, so the tax increases are a blow to them.

The Covid-19 lockdowns, which resulted in restrictions on the sale of alcohol and tobacco products, severely hurt both sectors of the economy.

Major companies in the industries claim that the lockdowns have caused the emergence of illegal trades and black markets for these products, which are now established and costing the state billions of rands in lost sales and tax income.

According to Godongwana, action is being taken to address the issue.

“SARS has taken many actions to improve its efficacy in countering illicit trade, particularly in tobacco, over the past three years,” he stated.

In order to do this, SARS has finished 2 316 seizures totaling R598.8 million worth of cigarettes and tobacco goods. Targeting organized tobacco-related offenses, schedules and assessments totaling an additional R18 billion have been increased.

The minister also mentioned that SARS had turned over 92 cases for criminal procedures with the NPA, of which two led to successful convictions involving tobacco smuggling syndicates, and had earned more than R1.2 billion in revenue.

The nation’s sugar tax, or the health promotion levy, as it is formally known, will receive a temporary reprieve.

The health promotion levy “will stay unaltered for the coming two fiscal years, to enable the industry to diversify or restructure, due to the tough operating climate for the sugar industry from the impact of flooding and social unrest,” the minister stated.

Reference: Published by Staff Writer, 18 February 2023

Beer prices in South Africa: Checkers vs Pick n Pay vs TOPS and more

Beer has ingrained itself in South African society and is still growing in popularity, from classic lagers to craft brewers.

In South Africa, 2.2 billion liters of beer were consumed in 2022, and by the end of 2026, that number is predicted to rise to 3.4 billion.

By 2027, out-of-home consumption will account for 11% of spending and 12% of volume consumption in the beer segment (e.g., in bars and restaurants).

South Africa’s growing craft beer culture is one element in the country’s popularity of beer.

Beer fans now have access to a wide range of unusual and exciting brews brewed with local ingredients, displaying the distinctive flavors of the region, thanks to the growing number of microbreweries that are opening up around the nation.

Beer’s rising appeal in South Africa is also attributed to its accessibility. While locally brewed beer is frequently more accessible and less expensive, imported beer can be expensive.

In reality, a lot of breweries in South Africa have begun manufacturing beer in cans and bottles that are intended to be more accessible and inexpensive to a wider spectrum of consumers.

The nation’s enthusiasm for beer is also demonstrated by the numerous festivals and events that take place all year long. These gatherings give beer lovers the chance to mingle and enjoy a wide range of beverages, from conventional lagers to novel IPAs and stouts.

Beer has a strong cultural presence in South Africa, where many people unwind with a cold one after a long day at work, while watching sports, or while interacting with friends and family.

Beer is frequently regarded as a social lubricant that aids in fostering a sense of community and bringing people together.

The booming beer culture in South Africa has something for everyone, whether you enjoy a classic lager or a novel artisan brew.

12 Well-known beers were examined in retailers all around South Africa to identify the lowest seller of your preferred beer.

For each brand, the calculation for cost of a six-pack of 330ml NRB bottles, displaying (N/A) if a pack was not available on the website of the relevant shop.

Game had the lowest average prices despite modest price variations between retailers. Some of Spar’s TOPS locations have the highest costs in terms of the priciest store. Yet, because Spar Stores are franchised, the costs differ from location to location. Checking the costs at your nearest TOPS with the SPAR2U app is the most effective approach to determine the price in relation to your location.

The table below provides the full comparison.

	Checkers	Pick n Pay	TOPS	Game	Makro	Ultra Liquor	Woolworths	Liquor City
Castle Lager	R69.99	R69.99	R70.00	R64.48	–	R64.99	R69.99	R69.99
Castle Lite	R84.99	R84.99	R85.00 – R89.99	R69.98	R79.00	R74.99	R85.00	R85.00
Black Label	R84.99	R89.99	R84.99	R84.98	R79.00	R79.99	R79.99	R85.00
Corona Extra	R109.99	R109.99	R104.00 – R117.00	R99.00	R99.00	R104.99	R110.00	R110.00
Flying Fish	R89.99	R89.99	R89.99	R67.50	R75.00	–	89.99	–
Miller	R89.99	R89.99	–	R85.48	R85.00	R84.99	–	–
Amstel	R84.99	R84.99	R79.99 – R89.99	R84.98	R79.00	R84.99	R79.99	R89.99
Windhoek	R89.99	R89.99	R89.99 – R104.99	R89	R79.00	R84.99	N/A	R95.99
Devils Peak Lite	R84.99	R89.99	R84.99	–	R75.00	–	R89.99	–
Heineken	R94.99	R94.99	R94.99	R94.98	R85.00	R94.99	R94.99	R99.99
Hansa	R69.99	R69.99	R70.00	R69.98	R65.00	R64.99	R69.99	R70.00
Tafel	R69.99	–	R74.99	–	R65.00	–	R69.99	R79.99